Archimedes was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher. In theoretical mechanics, Archimedes is responsible for fundamental theorems concerning the centers of gravity of plane figures and solids, and he is famous for his theorem on the weight of a body immersed in a liquid, called Archimedes’ Principle.

Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who did ground-breaking research about radioactivity. She was the first woman to have won the Nobel Prize and the first person to have won the Nobel Prize twice, for developing the theory of radioactivity, and for discovering new elements polonium and radium.

Marie Daly was an American biochemist, and the first African-American woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry. Over almost 40 years, she did important research about histones, protein synthesis, cholesterol and hypertension and creatine.

Galileo Galilei was a philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. He made many important contributions to our understanding of this world. One such contribution is improving the design of the telescope, allowing him to make meaningful discoveries that helped prove the Copernican hypothesis.

Grace Hopper was an American mathematician and a rear admiral in the US NAVY. She was a pioneer in developing computer technology and even coined the term bug to refer to unexplained computer failures. Additionally, she helped to devise the first commercial electronic computer.

Katherine Johnson, an African American woman, worked as a mathematician who worked at NASA. She was responsible for calculating orbital mechanics which were critical for first and later US crewed spaceflights. Known as the "human calculator" she was a master at complex manual calculations and pioneered the use of computers for this task.

Cesar Milstein was an Argentine biochemist researching in the field of antibodies. In 1984 he was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the production of monoclonal antibodies. His discovery allowed mass creation of these antibodies to allow for diagnosis and treatment of many diseases including some cancers.

Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician. He’s well known for his discovery of the three laws of motion, the original discover of calculus, and laying the foundation for modern physical optics.